ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К АНТИБИОТИКАМ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ
Аннотация
Введение. Высокий рост применения антибиотиков в отделениях интенсивной терапии вызывает серьезную обеспокоенность для общественного здравоохранения. Широкое использование антибактериальных препаратов – основной фактор устойчивости патогенных микроорганизмов к антибиотикам. Рост числа устойчивых бактериальных штаммов в значительной степени вызван образованием новых вариантов генов устойчивости.
Цель. Провести анализ результатов научных исследований, подтверждающих ключевую роль генетической устойчивости бактерий в механизмах развития антибиотикорезистентности.
Материал и методы. Проведен качественный анализ русскоязычных и англоязычных литературных источников, затрагивающих аспекты генетической резистентности микроорганизмов.
Результаты. Установлено, что антибиотикорезистентность у бактерий, достигнутая с помощью мутаций хромосомной ДНК, ведет к значительному росту числа микроорганизмов с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, которые становятся нечувствительными к терапии антибиотиками.
Выводы. Растущая распространенность мультирезистентных патогенов представляет собой актуальную проблему для медицины. Генетические механизмы, лежащие в основе бактериальной устойчивости, – ключевой момент антибиотикорезистентности. Ежегодные исследования значительно расширяют знания об известных и предположительно новых генах устойчивости, их мобильности и истории эволюции.
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