ЧРЕСКОЖНЫЕ КОРОНАРНЫЕ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВА – СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ВОПРОСА: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СТЕНТОВ
Аннотация
Чрескожные коронарные вмешательства (ЧКВ) получили широкое распространение в лечении острых и хронических форм ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) благодаря положительному эффекту на прогноз (снижение смертности) и качество жизни (толерантность к физической нагрузке) пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом. Коронарная ангиопластика неизбежно ведет к повреждению сосудистой стенки, активации воспаления и пролиферации клеток в зоне имплантации стента. Тромбоз стента и рестеноз внутри стента ограничивают эффективность ЧКВ, могут быть причиной рецидива симптомов стенокардии, развития инфаркта миокарда и летального исхода, порождают необходимость повторной реваскуляризации миокарда. Начиная с первой процедуры ангиопластики по настоящее время совершенствование технологий производства стентов направлено на снижение риска осложнений ЧКВ и долговременную эффективность стентирования. В статье обсуждаются технические аспекты и эволюция стентов и ЧКВ, современные технологии, преимущества и недостатки интервенционного лечения пациентов с ИБС.
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