СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ЭТИОПАТОГЕНЕЗ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ОТКРЫТОУГОЛЬНОЙ ГЛАУКОМЫ В СВЕТЕ СОСУДИСТОЙ ТЕОРИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГЛАУКОМНОЙ НЕЙРООПТИКОПАТИИ
Аннотация
Цель. На основе анализа современной литературы и собственных исследований установить тенденции в изучении актуальных анатомо-топографических особенностей строения сетчатки и диска зрительного нерва, влияющих на патогенез первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ источников отечественной и зарубежной литературы, а также результатов собственных исследований по проблеме развития первичной открытоугольной глаукомы и изучению вклада нейрососудистых нарушений в глаукоматозную нейродегенерацию. Результаты. Ганглиозные клетки сетчатки обладают высоким метаболизмом. Своевременная регуляция кровотока важна для снабжения нейронов в активных областях кислородом и глюкозой, необходимыми им для получения энергии. Многие пациенты с глаукомой страдают от сосудистого дефицита, включая снижение кровотока, нарушение ауторегуляции и дисфункцию нейрососудистой связи. Выводы. Снижение кровотока в ретробульбарных сосудах и сосудистой сети заднего полюса глазного яблока может свидетельствовать о сбое ауторегуляции кровоснабжения глаза. Поэтому изучение сосудистых механизмов имеет большую значимость с точки зрения профилактики и прогноза заболевания, а также возможности использования их в качестве мишени для фармакологической коррекции.
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