КОАГУЛЯЦИОННЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПРИ СЕПСИСЕ (ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА И ДИАГНОСТИКИ) ЧАСТЬ I
Аннотация
В данном обзоре литературы подробно рассмотрены основные звенья патогенеза нарушений гемостаза при сепсисе. Описаны применяемые методы диагностики и коррекции коагуляционных нарушений у септических больных. Охарактеризовано также влияние экстракорпоральных методик на систему гемостаза (плазмаферез, гемосорбция, МОК и др.). Проведенный анализ литературы свидетельствует о необходимости совершенствования существующих и поиска новых методик антикоагулянтной терапии сепсиса.
Литература
Острые артериальные тромбозы у детей с тяжелыми формами хирургического сепсиса/А.Н. Котляров [и др.]//Дет. хирургия. -2001. -№ 3. -C. 49.
Aird, W.C. Targeting the endothelium in sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction/W.C. Aird//Sci. Med. (Phila). -2003. -Vol. 9. -P 108119.
Aird, W.C. The hematologic system as a marker of organ dysfunction in sepsis/W.C. Aird//Mayo Clin. Proc. -2003. -Vol. 78. -P. 869 -881.
Aird, W.C. The role of the endothelium in severe sepsis and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome/W.C. Aird//Blood. -2003. -Vol. 101. -P. 3765 -3767.
Aird, W.C. Vascular bed-specific hemostasis: role of endothelium in sepsis pathogenesis/W.C. Aird//Crit. Care Med. -2001. -Vol. 29. -P. 28 -35.
Angus D.C. Epidemiology of sepsis: an update/D.S. Angus, R.S. Wax//Crit. Care Med. -2001. -Vol. 29. -P. 109-116.
Antithrombin III in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial plus a meta-analysis on all randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials with antithrombin III in severe sepsis/B. Eisele [et al.]//Intensive Care Med. -1998. -Vol. 24. -P. 663 -672.
Autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia/F. Stephan [et al.]//Am. J. Med. -2000. -Vol. 108. -P. 554 -560.
Booth, G. Preventive health care, 2000 update: screening and management of hyperhomocysteinemia for the prevention of coronary artery disease events/G. Booth, E. Wang//C.M.A.J. -2000. -Vol. 163, № 1. -P. 21-29.
Burden of illness imposed by severe sepsis in Germany/A. Schmid [et al.]//Eur. J. Hlth Econom. -2002. -Vol. 3. -P. 77-82.
Caring for the critically ill patient: high-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial/B.L. Warren [et al.]//J.A.M.A. -2001. -Vol. 286. -P. 1869 -1878.
Coagulation system and platelets are fully activated in uncomplicated sepsis/A.C. Mavrommatis [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2000. -Vol. 28. -P. 451 -457.
Cohen, J. INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group/J. Cohen, J. Carlet//Crit. Care Med. -1996. -Vol. 24. -P. 1431 -1440.
Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Sepsis Investigator Group/S.M. Opal [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -1997. -Vol. 25. -P. 1115 -1124.
Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group/J.F. Dhainaut [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -1998. -Vol. 26. -P. 1963 -1971.
Deaths: final data for 1999/D. L. Hoyert [et al.]//National Vital Statisties Reports. -2001. -Vol. 49, № 8. -P 111-113.
Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock/E. Abraham [et al.]//NORASEPT II Study Group. Lancet. -1998. -Vol. 351. -P. 929 -933.
Dysfunction of endothelial protein C activation in severe meningococcal sepsis/S.N. Faust [et al.]//N. Engl. J. Med. -2001. -Vol. 345. -P 408 -416.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis/G.R. Bernard [et al.]//N. Engl. J. Med. -2001. -Vol. 344. -P. 699 -709.
Endotoxin-induced activation of the coagulation cascade in humans: effect of acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen/T. Pernerstorfer [et al.]//Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. -1999. -Vol. 19. -P. 2517 -2523.
Epidemiology of severe sepsis and septicshock in Germany: results from the German Prevalence Study/F.M. Brunkhorst [et al.]//Infection. -2005. -P. 33-49.
Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence outcome and associated costs of care/D.C. Angus [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2001. -Vol. 29. -P. 1303-1310.
Fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with infectious disease and sepsis/J. Philippe [et al.]//Thromb Haemost. -1991. -Vol. 65. -P. 291 -295.
Hambleton, J. Coagulation: consultative hemostasis/J. Hambleton, L.L. Leung, M. Levi//Hematology (Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program). -2002. -P 335 -352.
Hotchkiss, R.S. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis/R.S. Hotchkiss, I.E. Karl//N. Engl. J. Med. -2003. -Vol. 348. -P 138 -150.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis/C. Brun-Buisson [et al.]//J.A.M.A. -1995. -Vol. 274. -P. 968 -974.
Lehman, C.M. Analytic validation and clinical evaluation of the STALIATEST immunoturbidimetric D-dimer assay for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation/C.M. Lehman, L.W. Wilson, G.M. Rodgers//Am. J. Clin. Pathol. -2004. -Vol. 122. -P. 178 -184.
Levi, M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation/M. Levi, H. Ten Cate//N. Engl. J. Med. 1999. -Vol. 341. -P. 586 -592.
Low levels of protein C are associated with poor outcome in severe sepsis/S.B. Yan [et al.]//Chest. -2001. -Vol. 120. -P. 915 -922.
Mayer, E Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis/E. Mayer, D. Jacobsen, K. Robinson//J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. -1996. -Vol. 27. -P. 517 -527.
Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome/J.C. Marshall [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -1995. -Vol. 23. -P. 1638 -1652.
Novel approaches to the management of disseminated intravascular coagulation/M. Levi [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2000. -Vol. 28, № 9.-P. 20 -24.
Rosenberg, R. D. Vascular-bed-specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states/R.D. Rosenberg, W.C. Aird//N. Engl. J. Med. -1999. -Vol. 340. -P. 1555 -1564.
Safety and dose relationship of recombinant human activated protein C for coagulopathy in severe sepsis/G.R. Bernard [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2001. -Vol. 29. -P. 2051 -2059.
Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation: compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies/F. Fourrier [et al.]//Chest. -1992. -Vol. 101. -P. 816 -823.
Suffredini, A.F. Promotion and subsequent inhibition of plasminogen activation after administration of intravenous endotoxin to normal subjects/A.F. Suffredini, P.C. Harpel, J.E. Parrillo//N. Engl. J. Med. -1989. -Vol. 320. -P. 1165 -1172.
The incidence and cause of coagulopathies in an intensive care population/R. Chakraverty [et al.]//Br. J. Haematol. -1996. -Vol. 93. -P. 460 -463.
The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS):a prospective study/M.S. Rangel-Frausto [et al.]//J.A.M.A. -1995. -Vol. 273. -P. 117-123.
Thrombocytopenia and prognosis in intensive care/S. Vanderschueren [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2000. -Vol. 28. -P 1871 -1876.
Thrombocytopenia in the sepsis syndrome: role of hemophagocytosis and macrophage colony-stimulating factor/B. Francois [et al.]//Am. J. Med. -1997. -Vol. 103. -P 114 -120.
Time course and prognostic significance of hemostatic changes in sepsis: relation to tumor necrosis factor-alpha/M.A. Martinez [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -1999. -Vol. 27. -P. 1303 -1308.
Time course of platelet counts in critically ill patients/S. Akca [et al.]//Crit. Care Med. -2002. -Vol. 30. -P. 753 -756.
Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation/F.B. Taylor Jr [et al.]//Thromb. Haemost. -2001. -Vol. 86. -P. 1327 -1330.
Transient EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a patient with sepsis/M. Mori [et al.]//Intensive Care Med. -2000. -Vol. 26. -P. 218 -220.
Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. The Soluble TNF Receptor Sepsis Study Group/C.J. Fisher Jr [et al.]//N. Engl. J. Med. -1996. -Vol. 334. -P 1697 -1702.
Warkentin, T.E. Platelet-endothelial interactions: sepsis, HIT, and antiphospholipid syndrome/T.E. Warkentin, W.C. Aird, J.H. Rand//Hematology (Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program). -2003. -P. 497 -519.
White, B. Acquired antithrombin deficiency in sepsis/B. White, D. Perry//Br. J. Haematol. -2001. -Vol. 112. -P. 26 -31.