РОЛЬ НАРУШЕНИЙ ПРОЦЕССОВ МЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ И ОБМЕНА МЕТИОНИНА В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Аннотация
Процессы метилирования играют важнейшую роль в жизни всего живого - от вирусов до человека. Они не только участвуют в синтезе важных соединений, например, пуринов, полиаминов, фосфолипидов, креатина, мелатонина, но и служат широко распространённым регуляторным механизмом, определяющим функции белков, фосфолипидов и ДНК. Метилирование ДНК формирует эпигеном и определяет его реализацию без изменения генетического кода. В патогенезе заболеваний человека участвуют как промежуточные метаболиты процесса метилирования (гомоцистеин), так и нарушения метилирования белков и эпигенетического кода. Эти процессы очень чувствительны к действию разнообразных внешних факторов и в последние годы им уделяется самое пристальное внимание.
Литература
Aksu K., et al. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Behcet's disease.//Rheumatology (Oxford).-2001. -V. 40, № 6. -P. 687-690.
Ballestar E., et al. The epigenetic face of systemic lupus erythematosus.//J. Immunol. -2006. -Vol. 176, № 12. -P. 7143-7147.
Boggs J.M., et al. Effect of arginine loss in myelin basic protein., as occurs in its deiminated charge isoform, on mediation of actin polymerization and actin binding to a lipid membrane in vitro.//Biochemistry. -2005. -V. 44, N. 9. -P. 3524-3534.
Boggs J.M., et al. Effect of phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by MAPK on its interactions with actin and actin binding to a lipid membrane in vitro.//Biochemistry. -2006. -Vol. 45, № 2. -P. 391-401.
Brattstrom L., Wilcken DE. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: cause or effect?//Am. J. Clin. Nutr. -2000. -Vol. 72, № 2. -P. 315-323.
Brosnan JT., da Silva R., Brosnan ME. Amino acids and the regulation of methyl balance in humans.//Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. -2007. -Vol. 10, № 1. -P. 52-57.
Carducci C., et al. Guanidinoacetate and creatine plus creatinine assessment in physiologic fluids: an effective diagnostic tool for the biochemical diagnosis of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencies.//Clin Chem. -2002. -Vol. 48, № 10. -P. 1772-1778.
Carson N.A., Neill DW. Metabolic abnormalities detected in a survey of mentally backward individuals in Northern Ireland.//Arch. Dis. Child. -1962. -№ 37. -P. 505-513.
Cooney CA., Dave AA., Wolff GL. Maternal methyl supplements in mice affect epigenetic variation and DNA methylation of offspring.//J. Nutr. -2002. -Vol.132, № 8 (Suppl). -P. 2393S-2400S.
Davis C.D., Uthus E.O. DNA methylation., cancer susceptibility., and nutrient interactions.//Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). -2004. -Vol. 229, № 10. -P. 988-995.
Esteve P.O., Chin H.G., Pradhan S. Human maintenance DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase and p53 modulate expression of p53-repressed promoters.//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. -2005. -Vol. 102, № 4, -P. 1000-1005.
Gentry MS., et al. A novel assay for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complexes in vivo reveals differential effects of covalent modifications on different Saccharomyces cerevisiae PP2A heterotrimers.//Eukaryot. Cell. -2005. -Vol. 4, № 6. -P. 10291040.
George RR., et al. Chaperonin assisted overexpression., purification., and characterisation of human PP2A methyltransferase.//Protein Expr. Purif. -2002. Vol. 26, № 2. -P. 266-274.
Goggins M., Scott J.M., Weir D.G. Methylation of cortical brain proteins from patients with HIV infection.//Acta Neurol. Scand. -1999. -Vol. 100, № 5. -P. 326-331.
Grayson D. R., et al. Reelin promoter hypermethylation in schizophrenia.//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. -2005. -Vol. 102, № 26. -P. 9341-9346.
Guan Z.Z., et al. Activity of phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in brain affected by Alzheimer's disease.//Neurochem. Int. -1999. -Vol. 34, № 1. -P. 41-47.
Haagsma C.J., et al. Influence of sulphasalazine, methotrexate, and the combination of both on plasma homocysteine concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.//Ann.Rheum. Dis. -1999. -Vol. 58, № 2. -P. 79-84.
Handy D.E., Zhang Y., Loscalzo J. Homocysteine downregulates cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) by decreasing translation.//J. Biol. Chem. -2005. -Vol. 280, № 16. -P. 15518-15525.
Hoekstra M., et al. Intermittent rises in plasma homocysteine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with higher dose methotrexate.//Ann. Rheum. Dis. -2005. Vol. 64, № 1. -P. 141143.
Janosikova B., et al. Genetic variants of homocysteine metabolizing enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease.//Mol. Genet. Metab. -2003. -Vol. 79, № 3. -P. 167-175.
Kaufman R.J. Orchestrating the unfolded protein response in health and disease.//J. Clin. Invest. -2002., -Vol.110, № 10. -P. 13891398.
Kennedy B.P., et al. Elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine in Alzheimer brain: influence on methyltransferases and cognitive function.//J. Neural. Transm. -2004. -Vol. 111, № 4. -P. 547567.
Kim J.K., et al. Multiple sclerosis: an important role for post-translational modifications of myelin basic protein in pathogenesis.//Mol. Cell. Proteomics. -2003. -Vol. 2, № 7. -P. 453-462.
Kim S., et al. Biological methylation of myelin basic protein: enzymology and biological significance.//Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. -1997. -Vol. 29, № 5. -P. 743-751.
Kloeker S., et al. Parallel purification of three catalytic subunits of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A family (PP2A(C), PP4(C), and PP6(C)) and analysis of the interaction of PP2A(C) with alpha4 protein.//Protein Expr. Purif. -2003. -Vol. 31, № 1. -P. 19-33.
Kramer K., et al. Isoprenylcysteine Carboxyl Methyltransferase Activity Modulates Endothelial Cell Apoptosis.//Mol. Biol. Cell. -2003. Vol.14, № 3. -P. 848-857.
Lawrence de Koning A.B., et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and its role in the development of atherosclerosis.//Clin. Biochem. -2003.-Vol. 36, № 6. -P. 431-441.
Leulliot N., et al. Crystal structure of yeast allantoicase reveals a repeated jelly roll motif.//J. Biol. Chem. -2004. -Vol. 279, № 22. -P. 23447-23452.
Lopes S., et al. Epigenetic modifications in an imprinting cluster are controlled by a hierarchy of DMRs suggesting long-range chromatin interactions.//Hum. Mol. Genet. -2003. -Vol. 12, № 3. -P. 295-305.
Lu Q., Wu A., Richardson B.C. Demethylation of the same promoter sequence increases CD70 expression in lupus T cells and T cells treated with lupus-inducing drugs.//J. Immunol. -2005. -Vol. 174, № 10. -P. 6212-6219.
Manev H., Uz T. DNA hypomethylating agents 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and valproate increase neuronal 5 -lipoxygenase mRNA.//Eur. J. Pharmacol. -2002. -Vol. 445, № 1-2. -P. 149150.
Mangoni A.A., Jackson S.H. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future prospects.//Am. J. Med. -2002. -Vol. 112, № 7. -P. 556-565.
Maurer-Stroh S., Washietl S., Eisenhaber F. Protein prenyltransferases.//Genome Biology. -2003. -Vol. 4, № 4. -P. 212 -220.
Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S., et al. // GAMT deficiency: features., treatment., and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. // Neurology. - 2006. - Vol. 67, № 3. - P. 480-484.
Mitchell C.P., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease reelin promoter methylation in vitro.//J. Neurochem. -2005. -Vol. 93, № 2. -P. 483-492.
Nonaka H., et al. Taurine prevents the decrease in expression and secretion of extracellular superoxide dismutase induced by homocysteine: amelioration of homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by taurine.//Circulation. -2001. -Vol. 104, № 10. -P. 1165-1170.
Oelke K., et al. Overexpression of CD70 and overstimulation of IgG synthesis by lupus T cells and T cells treated with DNA methylation inhibitors.//Arthritis Rheum. -2004. -Vol. 50, № 6. -P. 1850-1860.
Outinen P.A., et al. Homocysteine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Growth Arrest Leads to Specific Changes in Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.//Blood. -1 999. -Vol. 94, № 3. -P. 959-967.
Pegg A.E., et al. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: structure., function and regulation by polyamines.//Biochem. Soc. Trans. -1998. -Vol. 26, № 4. -P. 580-586.
Quddus J., et al. Treating activated CD4+ T cells with either of two distinct DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, 5-azacytidine or procainamide, is sufficient to cause a lupus-like disease in syngeneic mice.//J. Clin. Invest. -1993. -Vol. 92, № 1. -P. 38-53.
Sharma P., et al. Mining literature for a comprehensive pathway analysis: A case study for retrieval of homocysteine related genes for genetic and epigenetic studies.//Lipids in Health and Disease. -2006. № 5. -P. 1-19.
Skinner M.K., Anway M.D. Seminiferous cord formation and germ-cell programming: epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors.//Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. -2005. № 1061. -P. 18-32.
Sontag E., et al. Downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A carboxyl methylation and methyltransferase may contribute to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.//J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. -2004. -Vol. 63, № 10. -P. 1080-1091.
Steenge G.R., Verhoef P., Katan M.B. Betaine supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine in healthy men and women.//J. Nutr. -2003. -Vol. 133, № 5. -P. 1291-1295.
Stromberger C., Bodamer O.A., Stockler-Ipsiroglu S. Clinical characteristics and diagnostic clues in inborn errors of creatine metabolism.//J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. -2003. -Vol. 26, № 2-3. -P. 299-308.
Tremolizzo L., et al. An epigenetic mouse model for molecular and behavioral neuropathologies related to schizophrenia vulnerability.//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. -2002. -Vol. 99, № 26. -P. 17095-17100.
Upchurch G.R Jr., et al. Homocyst(e)ine Decreases Bioavailable Nitric Oxide by a Mechanism Involving Glutathione Peroxidase.//J. Biol. Chem. -1997. -Vol. 272, № 27. -P. 17012-17017.
Verhoeven N.M., et al. Enzyme assay for diagnosis of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency.//Clin. Chem. -2004. -Vol. 50, № 2. -P. 441-443.
Waterland R.A., Jirtle R.L. Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation.//Mol. Cell Biol. -2003. -Vol. 23, № 15. -P. 5293-5300.
Weaver I.C., et al. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.//Nat. Neurosci. -2004. -Vol. 7, № 8. -P. 847-854.
Weinhold B. Epigenetics: the science of change.//Environ. Health. Perspect. -2006. -Vol. 114, № 3. -P. A160-A167.
Widner B., et al. Moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia and immune activation in Parkinson's disease.//J. Neural. Transm. -2002. -Vol. 109, № 12. -P. 1445-1452.
Wood D. D., et al. Acute multiple sclerosis (Marburg type) is associated with developmentally immature myelin basic protein.//Ann. Neurol. -1996. -Vol. 40, № 1. -P. 18-24.
Yildirim E., et al. Valproate administration to mice increases histone acetylation and 5 -lipoxygenase content in the hippocampus.//Neurosci. Lett. -2003. -Vol. 345, № 2. -P. 141-143.
Yoneda T., et al. Activation of Caspase-12, an Endoplastic Reticulum (ER) ResidentCaspase, through Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 2-dependent Mechanism in Response to the ER Stress.//J. Biol. Chem. -2001. -Vol. 276, № 16. -P. 13935-13940.
Yung R., et al. Mechanisms of drug-induced lupus. IV. Comparison of procainamide and hydralazine with analogs in vitro and in vivo.//Arthritis Rheum. -1997. -Vol. 40, № 8. -P. 1436-1443.
