ОБЗОР КЛИНИЧЕСКИ И ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИ ЗНАЧИМЫХ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОНКОПАТОЛОГИЕЙ
Аннотация
Современные исследования указывают на то, что пациенты с онкологическими процессами отличаются определенными, клинически значимыми, психологическими особенностями. Данные психологические конструкты могут оказывать существенное влияние на приверженность лечению, а также на динамику течения заболевания. Анализ актуальных данных литературных источников о клинико-психологических особенностях пациентов с онкопатологией позволил выделить наиболее значимые из них, а именно невротичность, раздражительность, застенчивость, экстравертированность и эмоциональную лабильность, а также экстернальный тип локуса контроля. В свою очередь, во многих исследованиях отмечаются тревожный, эргопатический и ипохондрический типы отношения к заболеванию. Все указанные психологические особенности пациентов с онкологическим диагнозом приводят к уязвимости к стрессу, а также способствуют возникновению у данной группы пациентов дезадаптивных форм поведения. Наибольшее значение имеет тот факт, что интенсивные переживания способны трансформировать разные аспекты иммунного ответа, тем самым, влияя на генез самой опухоли. Современные исследования также показывают влияние психических расстройств на развитие опухоли, однако фактические данные о влиянии как стресса, так и психосоциальной поддержки на онкологические процессы требуют дальнейшего изучения.
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