ПРОБЛЕМА ДИСТЕНЦИИ ТАЗОВЫХ ОРГАНОВ И ГЕНИТАЛЬНОГО ПРОЛАПСА I-II СТЕПЕНИ У ЖЕНЩИН РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВОЗРАСТА И В ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗЕ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Аннотация
Введение. Пролапс гениталий – проблема, затрагивающая не только область гинекологии, но и урологии, проктологии, хирургии. На данный момент существует множество методов оперативного и консервативного лечения, которые становятся все более эффективными, широко введены в практику малоинвазивные операции. Это в значительной степени повышает качество жизни пациенток, но сопряжено с развитием ряда осложнений, нежеланием женщины проводить оперативное вмешательство, невозможностью полностью устранить причину патологического состояния. Своевременная коррекция пролапса на ранних стадиях в большей степени улучшает качество жизни пациенток, способна устранить причину дистенции и пролапса на ранних стадиях. Знание основ патогенеза поможет корректно назначить лечение, которое не только устраняет симптомы, но и причину болезни. Цель работы. Провести анализ результатов научных работ по проблеме дистенции и пролапса тазовых органов I и II степени. Материал и методы. Проведен качественный анализ 46 русскоязычных и англоязычных источников, которые отображают разные аспекты проблемы дистенции и пролапса I и II степени. Результаты. Установлено, что ввиду отсутствия определенного алгоритма действий помощь женщинам при дистенции и на ранней стадии пролапса либо не оказывается, либо оказывается не в полном объеме. Выводы. Своевременная диагностика, выявление факторов риска развития дистенции и пролапса тазовых органов помогает более качественно провести не только лечебные, но и профилактические мероприятия, что сохраняет здоровье женщины, препятствует развитию депрессии. Кроме того, правильно подобранное консервативное лечение, обучение женщин самостоятельно использовать пессарии (правильно вводить, проводить гигиенические мероприятия) и выполнять упражнения, в том числе с помощью специальных тренажеров для укрепления мышц тазового дна на ранних стадиях пролапса, снижают процент проведения операций, которые сопровождаются рядом осложнений.
Литература
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