ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА И ИММУНОГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ ПРОГНОЗА ПРИ РАКЕ ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ
Аннотация
Согласно современным данным, рак шейки матки (РШМ) занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре злокачественных новообразований у женщин Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации, а также является четвертым по распространенности видом рака среди женщин во всем мире и седьмым в общей статистике встречаемости злокачественных опухолей человека. В настоящее время отмечается тенденция к повышению частоты РШМ среди женщин молодого возраста, в связи с чем проблема диагностики и оценки прогноза данной опухолевой патологии все более актуальна. Процесс канцерогенеза в шейке матки имеет сложную мультифакториальную природу и включает множество биохимических механизмов. Для их оценки используются разные иммуногистохимические маркеры. С целью определения биологического потенциала плоскоклеточного рака шейки матки исследователями оценивалась роль экспрессии белков p53, Ki67, циклина D1 и CD45, предполагалось также применение этих маркеров в качестве инструмента ранней диагностики рака. Однако данных о роли местного иммунитета в оценке инвазивного и метастатического потенциала злокачественного новообразования все еще крайне мало. В статье приведены современные литературные данные о прогностической роли экспрессии иммуногистохимических маркеров при РШМ и особенностях местного иммунитета при цервикальных неоплазиях.
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