ХЕМОСЕНСОРЫ НУТРИЕНТОВ В ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОМ ТРАКТЕ
Аннотация
В статье представлены литературные данные о молекулярных механизмах детекции аминокислот, олигопептидов, сладких молекул, жирных кислот и их производных в пищеварительном тракте. Охарактеризован рецепторный аппарат энтероэндокринных клеток и основные пути трансдукции сигнала. Продемонстрировано, что важная роль в детекции принадлежит транслоказам нутриентов. На основе хемосенсорной информации энтероэндокринные клетки регулируют биосинтез и высвобождение кишечных пептидов – холецистокинина, глюкагоноподобного пептида, глюкозозависимого инсулинотропного пептида, гастрина, пептида YY. Последние регулируют секреторную и двигательную активность желудочно-кишечного тракта, гомеостаз глюкозы, энергетический статус организма и пищевое поведение. Специфические рецепторы и транслоказы нутриентов представляют интерес с точки зрения создания фармакологических препаратов, предназначенных для лечения заболеваний пищеварительного тракта, метаболических нарушений, в том числе ожирения и диабета 2-го типа.Литература
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