НЕРВНЫЕ И ГУМОРАЛЬНЫЕ ПУТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭНДОТОКСИНОВ КИШКИ НА ИНТЕРОЦЕПТИВНЫЕ РЕФЛЕКТОРНЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ
Аннотация
В острых опытах на крысах установлено усиление и ослабление афферентной активности в брыжеечных нервах кишечника, вагуса под диафрагмой в зависимости от места введения липополисахарида (ЛПС, 10 мкг) в просвет кишечника. Кроме того, действие эндотоксина на желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) проявляется в рефлекторном изменении эфферентной импульсации нервов. Реакции шейного симпатического, селезёночного, краниальных, каудальных брыжеечных нервов, вагуса под диафрагмой представлены усилением или ослаблением спонтанной активности эфферентных волокон и зависят от зоны инфузии ЛПС в ЖКТ. В целом преобладают ингибирующие ответы на эндотоксин, особенно в брыжеечных нервах. Согласно опытам, рефлекторные ответы симпатических эфферентных волокон, вызываемые растяжением ободочной кишки баллоном, регулярно ослабляются или полностью подавляются после введения ЛПС в просвет данного органа. В условиях полной внешней децентрализации ЖКТ перерезкой вагуса, всех брыжеечных нервов, толстой кишки на границе с прямой кишкой эффекты модуляции под влиянием ЛПС активности как периферических, так и центральных нервных структур сохраняются за счет гуморального пути, включенного в комплексный нейромедиаторный механизм контроля вегетативных функций.
Литература
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