КСЕНОГЕННАЯ КЛЕТОЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СВИНОЙ КЛЕТОЧНОЙ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ
Аннотация
Большинство различных типов клеток, представленных в зрелых и еще созревающих тканях, обладают уникальными физиологическими особенностями. Клеточная терапия является новой технологией, позволяющей использовать столь широкое разнообразие клеток в лечении целого ряда патологических состояний человека. Тяжелые заболевания и травмы сопровождаются гибелью клеток или клеточной дисфункцией. Клеточная трансплантация позволяет заменить поврежденную или утраченную ткань, восстанавливая, таким образом, ее прежнюю функциональную активность. Ограниченное применение клеточных трансплантатов, как основных компонентов описываемой технологии, в определенной степени обусловлено нехваткой пригодных для трансплантации клеток человека. Указанное обстоятельство значительно затормозило дальнейшее развитие клеточной трансплантологии. Соответственно, в настоящее время традиционным и, пожалуй, единственным примером клеточной терапии в рутинной клинической практике является переливание крови и ее клеточных компонентов. Несмотря на многочисленные попытки наращивания человеческой клеточной биомассы в культуре ткани, существующие технологические трудности в отношении пролиферативной способности и сохранения клетками определенного фенотипа ограничили их применение для трансплантации. Использование с этой целью человеческих стволовых клеток с последующей их дифференцировкой является перспективным направлением и обладает большим потенциалом, однако основное препятствие связано с получением достаточного количества таких мультипотентных клеток. Таким образом, в настоящее время приоритетным источником донорского материала для трансплантации являются нативные клетки. В настоящем обзоре изучены возможности и перспективы применения в клинической практике тканей свиньи, как потенциального источника разнообразных нативных клеток, для лечения заболеваний человека. Кроме того, нами проанализированы преимущества и недостатки ксеногенной клеточной терапии.Литература
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